Motivation is a rich and changing field that has enjoyed great progress in its relatively short history. If more than six decades after the insights Hull, there are large disturbances in the field (the transition from behaviorism to cognition), new theories and concepts are introduced and new research directions have been pursued (as found that reward may decrease motivation). Principles of motivation are described that can be a basis for intervention. Very little is known, for example, the positive effects of establishing a motivational attribute lack of effort than low possibilities to choose tasks of intermediate difficulty, and to focus on mastery, rather than outperforming others. All these principles are good theoretical and empirical grounding.
The challenge for the future will be to study motivation in context. Study duration achievement, values and objectives and how they are reflected in the broader context of social and cultural influences may provide important clues for understanding the academic challenges faced by many ethnic minority youth. Addressing such issues will be a useful step to promote the field of motivation research in education and ensuring its continued vitality.
